What are the grades of fabric pilling?

Fabric pilling refers to the formation of small, tangled fibers or balls on the surface of a fabric, typically caused by friction or abrasion during use. There are different grading systems used to classify fabric pilling based on the severity or extent of pilling. The most commonly used grading systems are:

1. Martindale Pilling Test:

   - Grade 1: No pilling or very slight pilling.

   - Grade 2: Slight pilling, with small pills or fuzz balls.

   - Grade 3: Moderate pilling, with larger pills or fuzz balls.

   - Grade 4: Heavy pilling, with significant surface disturbance.

   - Grade 5: Severe pilling, with extensive surface disturbance and significant loss of fabric integrity.

2. ASTM D3512 Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics (Random Tumble Pilling Test):

   - Class 1: No pilling or very slight pilling.

   - Class 2: Slight pilling, with small pills or fuzz balls.

   - Class 3: Moderate pilling, with larger pills or fuzz balls.

   - Class 4: Heavy pilling, with significant surface disturbance.

   - Class 5: Severe pilling, with extensive surface disturbance and significant loss of fabric integrity.

These grading systems provide a standardized way to assess and compare the pilling performance of different fabrics. Manufacturers, retailers, and consumers can use these grades to understand the expected level of pilling based on the fabric's performance in standardized tests. It helps in selecting fabrics suitable for specific applications and determining their durability and appearance over time.