For the pin-on-disk wear test, two specimens are required. One, a pin with a radiused tip, is positioned perpendicular to the other, usually a flat circular disk. A ball, rigidly held, is often used as the pin specimen. The test machine causes either the disk specimen or the pin specimen to revolve about the disk center. In either case, the sliding path is a circle on the disk surface. The plane of the disk may be oriented either horizontally or vertically.
The pin specimen is pressed against the disk at a specified load usually by means of an arm or lever and attached weights. Other loading methods have been used, such as,hydraulic or pneumatic.
Wear results are reported as volume loss in cubic millimetres for the pin and the disk separately. When two different materials are tested, it is recommended that each material be tested in both the pin and disk positions.
The amount of wear is determined by measuring appropriate linear dimensions of both specimens before and after the test, or by weighing both specimens before and after the test. If linear measures of wear are used, the length change or shape change of the pin, and the depth or shape change of the disk wear track (in millimetres) are determined by any suitable metrological technique, such as electronic distance gaging or stylus profiling. Linear measures of wear are converted to wear volume (in cubic millimetres) by using appropriate geometric relations. Linear measures of wear are used frequently in practice since mass loss is often too small to measure precisely.
If loss of mass is measured, the mass loss value is converted to volume loss (in cubic millimetres) using an appropriate value for the specimen density.
Wear results are usually obtained by conducting a test for a selected sliding distance and for selected values of load and speed. One set of test conditions that was used in an interlaboratory measurement series is given in Table 1 and Table 2 as a guide. Other test conditions may be selected depending on the purpose of the test.
Wear results may in some cases be reported as plots of wear volume versus sliding distance using different specimens for different distances. Such plots may display non-linear relationships between wear volume and distance over certain portions of the total sliding distance, and linear relationships over other portions. Causes for such differing relationships include initial “break-in” processes, transitions between regions of different dominant wear mechanisms, etc. The extent of such non-linear periods depends on the details of the test system, materials, and test conditions.
It is not recommended that continuous wear depth data obtained from position-sensing gages be used because of the complicated effects of wear debris and transfer films present in the contact gap, and interferences from thermal expansion or contraction.
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